Where Our Coaches' Knowledge Comes From: The Full Source List

In short: Flow Momentum's four coaches draw on a curated knowledge base of 122 sources: 51 external books, studies and guides, and 71 summaries written by Flow Momentum. Below is the full list, grouped by coach and labelled by type of evidence. Studies link to their DOI. Practice sources are marked as practice.

In how Flow Momentum calculates your numbers, we published the original formula and source behind every value in your dashboard. This note does the same for the knowledge behind the coaches' answers.

How the knowledge base works

Flow Momentum keeps three kinds of knowledge apart:

1. The shared knowledge base: the sources listed below. It is the same for every athlete and is maintained by us.
2. Your record: your training files, recovery data and calculated values.
3. Your confirmed memory: goals, preferences and lessons you have confirmed.

When you ask a coach a question, it retrieves relevant passages from the knowledge base and combines them with your record. These are sources our knowledge base draws on. We did not train an AI model on them, and your conversations do not change the shared knowledge base. More on this in our data and AI principles.

What the labels mean

Label	Meaning
Study	Peer-reviewed research or a thesis. Linked with its DOI where one exists.
Textbook	A standard reference in its field from an academic or specialist publisher.
Practice source	A coaching or business book that describes methods used in practice. Useful, but not evidence in the scientific sense.
Own summary	A summary written by Flow Momentum. The studies it relies on are cited inside the entry.

Three points apply to every source:

• We list works bibliographically only: author, title, year and publisher.
• A source in this list is not an endorsement of every claim in it. Some of our own summaries exist to check popular claims against the evidence, for example the alkaline diet.
• The knowledge base changes. This list reflects the state on the date of this note.

Performance Coach

External sources (22)

Author	Title	Year	Publisher or DOI	Type
Bent Rønnestad, Facundo Ahumada, Carles Tur	Interval Training for Cycling: From Lab to Races	2024	Sportraining	Textbook
Hunter Allen, Andrew R. Coggan	Training and Racing with a Power Meter, 2nd ed.	2010	VeloPress	Textbook
Joe Friel	The Triathlete's Training Bible	2016/2024	VeloPress	Textbook
Espen Tønnessen et al.	The Road to Gold: Training and Peaking Characteristics in the Year Prior to a Gold Medal Endurance Performance	2014	PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101796	Study
Øyvind Sandbakk et al.	The Physiological Capacity of the World's Highest Ranked Female Cross-Country Skiers	2016	Med Sci Sports Exerc, doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000862	Study
Øyvind Sandbakk et al.	The Physiology of World-Class Sprint Skiers	2011	Scand J Med Sci Sports, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01117.x	Study
Øyvind Sandbakk	Physiological and Biomechanical Aspects of Sprint Skiing	2011	Doctoral thesis, NTNU	Study
F. L. Gardner; K. A. Kaufman et al.; L. Haase et al. (ed. A. L. Baltzell)	Mindfulness and Performance, chapters 7–9	2016	Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/CBO9781139871310	Textbook
Emma Macfarlane, Tom Craggs	High North Running: Key Workouts Guide	2020	High North Running	Practice source
Emma Wilkins, Tom Bell	Cycling Physiology & Training Science	2021	High North	Practice source
Jim Taylor	The Norwegian Method Applied	2026	Self-published	Practice source
Nick Littlehales	Sleep (German edition: Schlafen wie die Profis)	2018	Random House; original 2016	Practice source
Pete Magill, Thomas Schwartz, Melissa Breyer	Build Your Running Body	2014	The Experiment	Practice source
Peter Attia, Bill Gifford	Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity	2023	Vermilion	Practice source
Phil Burt, Martin Evans	Strength and Conditioning for Cyclists	2018	Bloomsbury	Practice source
Mark Rippetoe	Starting Strength	2015	riva (German edition)	Practice source
Mark Stephens	Yoga Sequencing	2012	North Atlantic Books (German edition: riva, 2014)	Practice source
Author not recorded	The Seven Hour Time Trialist	–	Origin not recorded	Practice source
Daniel E. Lieberman	Exercised: Why Something We Never Evolved to Do Is Healthy and Rewarding	2020	Pantheon	Textbook
Peter M. Wayne, Mark L. Fuerst	The Harvard Medical School Guide to Tai Chi	2013	Shambhala	Textbook
Shane O'Mara	In Praise of Walking: A New Scientific Exploration	2020	W. W. Norton	Textbook
Florence Williams	The Nature Fix: Why Nature Makes Us Happier, Healthier, and More Creative	2017	W. W. Norton	Textbook (science journalism)

Own summaries (39)

• Reference: cycling formulas; power and heart-rate zones; testing protocols; dashboard metrics; formulas and metrics; scientific uncertainties and evidence gaps
• Load and recovery: HRV, readiness and recovery monitoring; intensity prescription (RPE, thresholds, zones); training load (CTL, ATL, TSB, ACWR); strength training for endurance athletes
• Coaching programme modules 1–6: cycling physiology; neuromechanical conditioning; training principles and programme design; discipline-specific coaching; nutrition, hydration and cognitive performance; mental skills; equipment, technology and data analytics
• Cycling: off-road cycling; annual planning, chart analysis, training foundations, the seven steps of power training and a workout library, based on power-training certification material; track and time trial
• Running: zones and pace; testing protocols; periodisation from 5K to marathon; injury prevention; running for cyclists and return to running; running load and injury risk; trail and ultra
• Triathlon: swim training and CSS testing; bike–run bricks; transitions and race day; triathlon nutrition; triathlon testing; swim load and multi-sport load; distance specifics; triathlon periodisation

Nutrition Coach

External sources (4)

Author	Title	Year	Publisher or DOI	Type
Asker Jeukendrup, Michael Gleeson	Sport Nutrition, 4th ed.	2025	Human Kinetics	Textbook
Lewis A. Gough, S. Andy Sparks (eds.)	Nutrition and Supplements in Cycling	2024	Routledge	Textbook
Alan Murchison	The Cycling Chef: Plant Powered Performance	–	Bloomsbury	Practice source
Matt Frazier, Robert Cheeke	The Plant-Based Athlete	2021	HarperOne	Practice source

Own summaries (31)

• Core topics: anti-inflammatory eating patterns; autoimmune conditions and nutrition; fibre and the microbiome; blood values and biomarkers (orientation, not diagnosis); energy needs, low energy availability and REDs; nutrition and disease risk; fats and trans fats; fuelling for daily life, training and racing; hydration and sodium; reading studies and nutrition claims critically; longevity basics; plant-forward eating in endurance sport; plant variety and preparation; protein and muscle maintenance after 40; sleep, stress and eating behaviour; evidence-based supplements; ultra-processed food; sugar and fructose
• Claim checks: the alkaline diet and acid–base theory; the "Medical Medium" claims (celery juice, EBV, detox); "modern wheat makes you ill"
• Emerging evidence: wheat beyond coeliac disease (ATIs, fructans, sourdough)
• Everyday playbooks: dinner after a late meeting; airports and travel; breakfast under time pressure; business meals; hotel breakfast; the canteen; meal prep; recovery after late training; the weekend long ride

Comms Coach

External sources (12)

Author	Title	Year	Publisher or DOI	Type
Avraham N. Kluger et al.	A Meta-analytic Systematic Review and Theory of the Effects of Perceived Listening on Work Outcomes	2024	J Bus Psychol, doi:10.1007/s10869-023-09897-5	Study
Elizabeth Stokoe	Talk: The Science of Conversation	2018	Robinson	Textbook
Jonathan Haber	Critical Thinking	2020	MIT Press	Textbook
Hartmut Hübner	Kommunikation neu gedacht: Eine integrale Lernreise zu mehr Flow	2021	Haufe	Textbook (by our founder)
Charles Duhigg	Supercommunicators	2024	Random House	Practice source
Daniel Priestley	Oversubscribed, 2nd ed.	–	Capstone (Wiley)	Practice source
Harvard Business Review	HBR Guide to Critical Thinking	–	Harvard Business Review Press	Practice source
James Clear	The Atomic Habits Workbook	2025	Penguin	Practice source
Nathaniel Bluedorn, Hans Bluedorn	The Thinking Toolbox	–	Christian Logic	Practice source
Shawna Flaherty	The Journey to Creating Our Circle of Six: Exploration of Otto Scharmer's Four Fields of Conversation	2016	Thesis	Practice source
Steven Kotler	The Rise of Superman	2014	Quercus	Practice source
Author not recorded	The Architecture of Foundational Reason: An Analysis of First Principles Thinking	–	Origin not recorded	Practice source

Team Coach

External sources (12)

Author	Title	Year	Publisher or DOI	Type
Laura Klebe, Jörg Felfe, Katharina Klug	Healthy Leadership in Turbulent Times	2021	Br J Manag, doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12498	Study
Henry Chesbrough, Agnieszka Radziwon, Wim Vanhaverbeke, Joel West (eds.)	The Oxford Handbook of Open Innovation (selected chapters)	2024	Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192899798.001.0001	Textbook
Christian Stadler, Julia Hautz, Kurt Matzler, Stephan Friedrich von den Eichen	Open Strategy	2021	MIT Press	Textbook
Martin Curley, Bror Salmelin	Open Innovation 2.0	2017	Springer	Textbook
Michael Lewrick, Omar Hatamleh	AI and Innovation	2024	Wiley	Textbook
Various (eds.)	Elgar Encyclopedia of Innovation Management	2025	Edward Elgar	Textbook
Ash Maurya	Running Lean, 3rd ed.	2022	O'Reilly	Practice source
Eric Ries	The Lean Startup	2011	Crown Business	Practice source
Tom Kelley, Jonathan Littman	The Ten Faces of Innovation	2005	Currency/Doubleday	Practice source
Karolin Helbig, Minette Norman	The Psychological Safety Playbook	2023	Page Two	Practice source
Kim Scott	Radical Candor, revised ed.	2019	St. Martin's Press	Practice source
Atlassian	Atlassian Work Management Framework	–	Atlassian (web), summarised by Flow Momentum	Practice source

Shared by the Comms and Team coaches

Author	Title	Year	Publisher or DOI	Type
Steven Bartlett	The Diary of a CEO: The 33 Laws of Business and Life	2023	Ebury	Practice source

Own summary (1): the FM Metrics Register, which lists how Flow Momentum calculates every value. Its public version is our note on how Flow Momentum calculates your numbers.

Where the knowledge base has limits

• Practice sources outnumber studies. That reflects coaching reality: many methods are tested in practice before research catches up. The labels show which is which.
• Two sources have no recorded author. We list them as they are rather than guess.
• Summaries can lag behind new research. The date of this list is at the top of the page.
• Not medical advice. No source here turns the coaches into a medical service. See our FAQ.

Try this week

Pick one recommendation you follow in training, nutrition or at work. Find its source in the list above and check its label. If it is a practice source, ask yourself what evidence would change your mind.

Closing thought

A coach is only as good as what it draws on. Publishing the full list, with its weak spots, lets you judge that for yourself.